Тім О’Райлі - ХЗ. Хто знає, яким буде майбутнє

2015, newamerica.org/economic-growth/policy-papers/new-economy-new-social-contract/.

237 Zeynep Ton, The Good Jobs Strategy (Boston: New Harvest, 2014). Цитату взято із сайту zeynepton.com/.

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238 Craig Silverman and Lawrence Alexander, “How Teens in the Balkans Are Duping Trump Supporters with Fake News,” BuzzFeed, November 3, 2016, buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo.

239 Laura Sydell, “We Tracked Down a Fake-News Creator in the Suburbs. Here’s What We Learned,” NPR All Tech Considered, November 23, 2016, npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/23/503146770/npr-finds-the-head-of-a-covert-fake-news-operation-in-the-suburbs.

240 Aarti Shahani, “Zuckerberg Denies Fake News on Facebook Had Impact on the Election,” NPR All Tech Considered, November 11, 2016, npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election.

241 “Blue Feed/Red Feed,” Wall Street Journal, May 18, 2016, graphics.wsj.com/blue-feed-red-feed/, оновлюється щогодини. (останній перегляд: 31-го березня 2007 року).

242 “Huma Kidding?” Snopes.com, November 2, 2016, snopes.com/huma-abedin-ties-to-terrorists/.

243 Joseph Menn, “U.S. Government Loses to Russia’s Disinformation Campaign,” Reuters, December 21, 2016, reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-disinformation-analysis-idUSKBN1492PA.

244 Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook post, November 12, 2016, facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271.

245 Carole Cadwalladr, “Google, Democracy and the Truth About Internet Search,” Guardian, December 4, 2016, theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook.

246 Carole Cadwalladr, “How to Bump Holocaust Deniers off Google’s Top Spot? Pay Google,” Guardian, December 17, 2016, theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/17/holocaust-deniers-google-search-top-spot.

247 Carole Cadwalladr, “Google Is Not ‘Just’ a Platform. It Frames, Shapes and Distorts How We See the World,” Guardian, December 11, 2016, theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/11/google-frames-shapes-and-distorts-how-we-see-world.

248 “A Look at the Future of Search with Google’s Amit Singhal at SXSW,” PR Newswire, March 10, 2013, prnewswire.com/blog/a-look-at-the-future-of-search-with-googles-amit-singhal-at-sxsw-6602.html.

249 Danny Sullivan, “Google Now Handles At Least 2 Trillion Searches per Year,” Search Engine Land, May 24, 2016, searchengineland.com/google-now-handles-2-999-trillion-searches-per-year-250247.

250 Danny Sullivan, “Official: Google Makes Change, Results Are No Longer in Denial over ‘Did the Holocaust Happen?’” Search Engine Land, December 20, 2016, searchengineland.com/googles-results-no-longer-in-denial-over-holocaust-265832.

251 William Oncken Jr. and Donald L. Wass, “Who’s Got the Monkey?” Harvard Business Review, November–December 1999, hbr.org/1999/11/management-time-whos-got-the-monkey#comment-section.

252 Danny Sullivan, “Google’s Top Results for ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’ Now Expunged of Denial Sites,” Search Engine Land, December 24, 2016, searchengineland.com/google-holocaust-denial-site-gone-266353.

253 Milo Yiannopoulos, “Meme Magic: Donald Trump Is the Internet’s Revenge on Lazy Elites,” Breitbart, May 4, 2016, breitbart.com/milo/2016/05/04/meme-magic-donald-trump-internets-revenge-lazy-entitled-elites/.

254 Erez Laks, Adam Stopek, Adi Masad, Israel Nir, Systems and Methods to Identify Objectionable Content, US Patent Application 20160350675, filed June 1, 2016, published December 1, 2016, pdfaiw.uspto.gov/.aiw?PageNum=0&docid=20160350675&IDKey=B0738725A3CA.

255 Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook post, November 18, 2016, facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103269806149061.

256 Sapna Maheshwari, “How Fake News Goes Viral: A Case Study,” New York Times, November 20, 2016, nytimes.com/2016/11/20/business/media/how-fake-news-spreads.html.

257 Alexis Sobel Fitts, “The New Importance of ‘Social Listening’ Tools,” Columbia Journalism Review, July/August 2015, cjr.org/analysis/the_new_importance_of_social_listening_tools.php.

258 Eric Tucker, “Why I’m Removing the ‘Fake Protests’ Twitter Post,” Eric Tucker (blog), November 11, 2016, blog.erictucker.com/2016/11/11/why-im-considering-to-remove-the-fake-protests-twitter-post/.

259 Brooke Donald, “Stanford Researchers Find Students Have Trouble Judging the Credibility of Information Online,” Stanford Graduate School of Education, November 22, 2016, ed.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-find-students-have-trouble-judging-credibility-information-online.

260 Joshua Green and Sissa Isenberg, “Inside the Trump Bunker, with Days to Go,” Bloomberg Businessweek, October 2016, bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-27/inside-the-trump-bunker-with-12-days-to-go.

261 Cadwalladr, “Google, Democracy and the Truth About Internet Search.”

262 Vindu Goel, “Russian Cyberforgers Steal Millions a Day with Fake Sites,” New York Times, December 20, 2016, nytimes.com/2016/12/20/technology/forgers-use-fake-web-users-to-steal-real-ad-revenue.html.

263 Cyber Grand Challenge Rules, Version 3, November 18, 2014, DARPA, archive.darpa.mil/CyberGrandChallenge_CompetitorSite/Files/CGC_Rules_18_Nov_14_Version_3.pdf.

264 Harry Hillaker, “Tribute to John R. Boyd,” Code One, July 1997, web.archive.org/web/20070917232626/http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1997/articles/jul_97/july2a_97.html. (останній перегляд: 1-го квітня 2017 року).

265 Raj Shah, “PolitiFact’s So-Called Fact-Checks Show Bias, Incompetence, or Both,” Republican National Committee, August 30, 2016, gop.com/politifacts-so-called-fact-checks-show-bias-incompetence-or-both/.

266 George Soros, The Crisis of Global Capitalism (New York: PublicAffairs, 1998), 6–18.

267 George Soros, Open Society (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), xii.

268 Gus Lubin, Mike Nudelman, and Erin Fuchs, “9 Maps That Show How Americans Commit Crime,” Business Insider, September 25, 2013, businessinsider.com/maps-on-fbis-uniform-crime-report-2013-9.

269 Alex Peysakhovich and Kristin Hendrix, “News Feed FYI: Further Reducing Clickbait in Feed,” Facebook newsroom, August 24, 2016, newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/08/news-feed-fyi-further-reducing-clickbait-in-feed/.

270 Travis Allen, “California Democrats Legalize Child Prostitution,” December 29, 2016, washingtonexaminer.com/california-democrats-legalize-child-prostitution/article/2610540.

271 John Borthwick, “Media Hacking,” Render, March 7, 2015, render.betaworks.com/media-hacking-3b1e350d619c.

272 Cadwalladr, “How to Bump Holocaust Deniers off Google’s Top Spot? Pay Google.”

273 Peter Kafka, “Facebook Has Started to Flag Fake News Stories,” Recode, March 4, 2017, recode.net/2017/3/4/14816254/facebook-fake-news-disputed-trump-snopes-politifact-seattle-tribune.

274 Krishna Bharat, “How to Detect Fake News in Real-Time,” NewCo Shift, April 27, 2017, shift.newco.co/how-to-detect-fake-news-in-real-time-9fdae0197bfd. Я розповів у цьому розділі лише про деякі ідеї Барата. У статті можна знайти багато інших практичних пропозицій про те, як виявляти фейкові новини за допомогою алгоритмів.

275 Bharat, “How to Detect Fake News in Real-Time.”

276 Michael Marder, “Failure of U.S. Public Secondary Schools in Mathematics,” University of Texas UTeach, uteach.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/BrokenEducation2011.pdf, 3. (останній перегляд: квітень 2017-го).

277 Mark Zuckerberg, “Building Global Community,” Facebook, February 16, 2016, facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10154544292806634/.

278 Robert Putnam, “The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life,” American Prospect, Spring 1993, prospect.org/article/prosperous-community-social-capital-and-public-life. (останній перегляд: 1-го квітня 2017 року).

279 Zuckerberg, “Building Global Community.”

280 Wael Ghonim, Revolution 2.0 (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2012).

281 Colin Megill, “pol.is in Taiwan,” pol.is blog, May 25, 2016, blog.pol.is/pol-is-in-taiwan-da7570d372b5.

282 Там само.

283 “Human Spectrogram,” Knowledge Sharing Tools and Method Toolkit, kstoolkit.org/Human+Spectrogram. (останній перегляд: 1-го квітня 2017 року).