Мартін Форд - Пришестя роботів: техніка і загроза майбутнього безробіття

21. David Ferrucci, Eric Brown, Jennifer Chu-Carroll, James Fan, David Gondek, Aditya A. Kalyanpur, Adam Lally, J. William Murdock, Eric Nyberg, John Prager, Nico Schlaefer, and Chris Welty, “Building Watson: An Overview of the DeepQA Project,” AI Magazine, Fall 2010, http://www.aaai.org/Magazine/Watson/watson.php.

22. Прес-реліз IBM: “IBM Research Unveils Two New Watson Related Projects from Cleveland Clinic Collaboration,” October 15, 2013, http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/42203.wss.

23. IBM: аналіз прикладу з практики, Case Study: “IBM Watson/Fluid, Inc.,” November 4, 2013, http://www03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/pdf/Fluid_case_study_11_4_2013.pdf.

24. “IBM Watson/MD Buyline, Inc.,” IBM Case Study, November 4, 2013,http://www-03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/pdf/MDB_case_study_11_4_2013.pdf.

25. Прес-реліз IBM: “Citi and IBM Enter Exploratory Agreement on Use of Watson Technologies,” March 5, 2012, http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/37029.wss.

26. Прес-реліз IBM: “IBM Watson’s Next Venture: Fueling New Era of Cognitive Apps Built in the Cloud by Developers,” November 14, 2013, http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/42451.wss.

27. Quentin Hardy, “IBM to Announce More Powerful Watson via the Internet,” New York Times, November 13, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/14/technology/ibm-to-announce-more-powerful-watson-via-the-internet.html?_r=0.

28. Nick Heath, “‘Let’s Try and Not Have a Human Do It’: How One Facebook Techie Can Run 20,000 Servers,” ZDNet, November 25, 2013, http://www.zdnet.com/lets-try-and-not-have-a-human-do-it-how-one-facebook-techie-can-run-20000-servers-7000023524.

29. Michael S. Rosenwald, “Cloud Centers Bring High-Tech Flash But Not Many Jobs to Beaten-Down Towns,” Washington Post, November 24, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/cloud-centers-bring-high-tech-flash-but-not-many-jobs-to-beaten-down-towns/2011/11/08/gIQAccTQtN_print.html.

30. Quentin Hardy, “Active in Cloud, Amazon Reshapes Computing,” New York Times, August 27, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/28/technology/active-in-cloud-amazon-reshapes-computing.html.

31. Mark Stevenson, An Optimist’s Tour of the Future: One Curious Man Sets Out to Answer “What’s Next?” (New York: Penguin Group, 2011), p. 101.

32. Michael Schmidt and Hod Lipson, “Distilling Free-Form Natural Laws from Experimental Data,” Science 324 (April 3, 2009), http://creativemachines.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/Science09_Schmidt.pdf.

33. Stevenson, An Optimist’s Tour of the Future, p. 104.

34. Прес-реліз Національної наукової фундації, National Science Foundation Press Release: “Maybe Robots Dream of Electric Sheep, But Can They Do Science?,” April 2, 2009, http://www.nsf.gov/mobile/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=114495.

35. Asaf Shtull-Trauring, “An Israeli Professor’s ‘Eureqa’ Moment,” Haaretz, February 3, 2012, http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/an-israeli-professor-s-eureqa-moment-1.410881.

36. John R. Koza, “Human-Competitive Results Produced by Genetic Programming,” Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 11, nos. 3–4 (September 2010), http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1831232.

37. Веб-сайт Джона Кози, http://www.geneticprogramming.com/#_What_is_Genetic, а також: http://eventful.com/events/john-r-koza-routine-human-competitive-machine-intelligence-/E0–001–000292572–0.

38. Lev Grossman, “2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal,” Time, February 10, 2011, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2048299,00.html.

39. Цитату взято з матеріалу Sylvia Smith, “Iamus: Is This the 21st Century’s Answer to Mozart?,” BBC News, January 2, 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology20889644.

40. Цитату наведено з роботи Kadim Shubber, “Artificial Artists: When Computers Become Creative,” Wired Magazine–UK, August 13, 2007, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013–08/07/can-computers-be-creative/viewgallery/306906.

41. Shubber, “Artificial Artists: When Computers Become Creative.”

42. “Bloomberg Bolsters Machine-Readable News Offering,” The Trade, February 19, 2010, http://www.thetradenews.com/News/Operations_Technology/Market_data/Bloomberg_bolsters_machinereadable_news_offering.aspx.

43. Neil Johnson, Guannan Zhao, Eric Hunsader, Hong Qi, Nicholas Johnson, Jing Meng, and Brian Tivnan, Abrupt Rise of New Machine Ecology Beyond Human Response Time,” Nature, September 11, 2013, http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130911/srep02627/full/srep02627.html.

44. Christopher Steiner, Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World (New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2012), pp. 116–120.

45. Max Raskin and Ilan Kolet, “Wall Street Jobs Plunge as Profits Soar: Chart of the Day,” Bloomberg News, April 23, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013–04–24/wall-street-jobs-plunge-as-profits-soar-chart-of-the-day.html.

46. Steve Lohr, “David Ferrucci: Life After Watson,” New York Times (Bits blog), May 6, 2013, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/06/david-ferrucci-life-after-watson/?_r=1.

47. Цитату наведено зі статті Alan S. Blinder, “Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2006, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/61514/alan-s-blinder/offshoring-the-next-industrial-revolution. 48. Alan S. Blinder, “Free Trade’s Great, but Offshoring Rattles Me,” Washington Post, May 6, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/04/AR2007050402555.html.

49. Blinder, “Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?”

50. Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne, “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?,” Oxford Martin School, Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, September 17, 2013, p. 38,http://www.futuretech.ox.ac.uk/sites/futuretech.ox.ac.uk/files/The_Future_of_Employment_OMS_Working_Paper_1.pdf.

51. Alan S. Blinder, “On the Measurability of Offshorability,” VOX, October 9, 2009, http://www.voxeu.org/article/twenty-five-percent-us-jobs-are-offshorable.

52. Keith Bradsher, “Chinese Graduates Say No Thanks to Factory Jobs,” NewYork Times, January 24, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/25/business/as-graduates-rise-in-china-office-jobs-fail-to-keep-up.html; Keith Bradsher, “Faltering Economy in China Dims Job Prospects for Graduates,” New York Times, June 16, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/17/business/global/faltering-economy-in-china-dims-job-prospects-for-raduates.html?pagewanted=all.

53. Eric Mack, “Google Has a ‘Near Perfect’ Universal Translator-for Portuguese, at Least,” CNET News, July 28, 2013, http://news.cnet.com/8301–17938_105–57595825–1/google-has-a-near-perfect-universal-translator-for-portuguese-at-least/.

54. Tyler Cowen, Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation (New York: Dutton, 2013), p. 79.

55. John Markoff, “Armies of Expensive Lawyers, Replaced by Cheaper Software,” New York Times, March 4, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/05/science/05legal.html.

56. Arin Greenwood, “Attorney at Blah,” Washington City Paper, November 8, 2007, http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/articles/34054/attorney-at-blah.

57. Erin Geiger Smith, “Shocking? Temp Attorneys Must Review 80 Documents Per Hour,” Business Insider, October 21, 2009, http://www.businessinsider.com/temp-attorney-told-to-review-80-documents-per-hour-2009–10.